Kosovo
All of Kosovo’s five coal-fired units (Kosova A3, A4 and A5 and Kosova B1 and B2) are included in the NERP.
In 2025, Kosovo’s coal fleet was in breach of national ceilings for two of the three pollutants, dust and nitrogen oxides. Sulphur dioxide emissions were just below the national ceiling, although units A4 and A5 both had emissions above their individual ceilings.
SO2 emissions were compliant with the national ceiling in 2025 and totalled 10,092 tonnes. Although they were compliant for the first time in 2023, SO2 emissions rose above the threshold again in 2024.
Dust emissions have always been the country’s biggest pollution problem. In 2025, despite a visible decrease compared to previous years, they continued to be unacceptably high. Dust pollution was 3.5 times above the national level ceiling set out in Annex 2 of the NERP and totalled 4,762 tonnes. Kosova B1 alone emitted almost twice as much as the national dust ceiling in 2025, releasing a total of 2,575 tonnes into the atmosphere.
In 2025, Kosovo’s NOx emissions stood at the lowest level so far 14,681 tonnes, which still represents a significant breach of 2.7 times the national ceiling. The country stands out regionally for the highest breach of its NOx ceiling.
The country was found in breach of the Treaty by the Ministerial Council in December 2023, for failing to meet any of its NERP ceilings in 2021, but has neither rectified the breaches, nor been sanctioned for its persistent non-compliance.
Power plants in Kosovo
