SO2 emissions were 1.1 times as high as the national ceiling in 2024, or 11,713 tonnes. This follows a short-lived compliance in 2023, which was hard to explain, as no de-SOx equipment had been fitted. 

Dust emissions have always been the country’s biggest pollution problem. In 2024 they continued to be unbelievably high, but interestingly, they were also the country’s only emissions that are ever so slightly lower than those in 2023. Dust pollution was 4.1 times above the national level ceiling set out in Annex 2 of the NERP and totalled 5,606 tonnes. Kosova B1 alone emitted almost twice as much as the national dust ceiling in 2024, releasing a total of 2,635 tonnes into the atmosphere

After reaching a historic low in 2023, Kosovo’s NOx emissions increased considerably in 2024 – to 16,851 tonnes. The country stands out regionally for the highest breach of its NOx ceiling – 3.1 times as much as allowed.

The country was found in breach of the Treaty by the Ministerial Council in December 2023, for failing to meet any of its NERP ceilings in 2021 but has neither rectified the breaches, nor been sanctioned for its persistent non-compliance.